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Scientific confidence

Universe Map never treats every visible element as equally factual. Each mapped object or representation carries one of six confidence labels.

Confidence levels

LabelMeaningTypical example
observedBased on a measurement or published catalogueA catalogue star direction or galaxy distance
calculatedDerived from an astronomical calculationA planetary position at the selected date
extrapolatedExtended from a measured motion or simplified orbitProper motion outside the reference epoch
simulatedProduced by a scientific or continuity modelThe optional cosmic density envelope
proceduralGenerated to complete a visual representationParticle placement inside an adapted galaxy
illustrativeDesigned for readability and not physically to scaleObject radii, glow, or a constellation line

The label appears in the object card together with source-specific notes. A view can combine several levels: an observed catalogue position, a calculated orientation, and an illustrative apparent size may all describe the same visible object.

Scientific coordinates versus visual coordinates

Source data retain explicit units such as kilometres, astronomical units, light-years, parsecs, kiloparsecs, and megaparsecs. The engine converts them within hierarchical reference frames.

Visual radii and some inter-scale distances are adapted independently because a globally physical scale would make almost every body smaller than one pixel and leave most journeys visually empty. The map scale and object cards identify this adapted cartography.

Reference epochs and frames

Catalogue positions belong to a documented reference frame and epoch. Examples include J2000 stellar coordinates, heliocentric planetary ephemerides, galactocentric models, and redshift-derived large-scale-structure positions. Universe Map does not merge incompatible survey products into a single claim of exact geometry.

Visual realism is not measurement

Textures, bloom, atmospheres, accretion emission, galaxy morphology, supernova colour, and black-hole lensing can make the map easier to understand. They do not become observed data simply because they look photographic.

In particular:

  • the black-hole lens is a qualitative achromatic thin-lens effect, not a general-relativistic ray tracer;
  • constellation lines are cultural conventions, not physical links between stars;
  • unresolved cosmic-web continuity is simulated and remains separate from catalogue detections;
  • galaxy particle placement and orientation may be illustrative even when the galaxy position is observed.

Appropriate use

Universe Map is suitable for exploration, education, visual comparison, and product research. It is not suitable for spacecraft navigation, professional astrometry, observation safety decisions, or precision eclipse prediction.

Next: Catalogues and sources.

Scientific data and visual adaptations are identified separately.